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Trung Boä Kinh
Majjhima Nikaya118. Kinh Nhaäp töùc, Xuaát töùc nieäm
(Kinh Quaùn nieäm hôi thôû)
(Anaøpaønasati sutta)
Nhö vaày toâi nghe.
Moät thôøi Theá Toân ôû Savatthi (Xaù-veä), taïi Ñoâng Vieân (Pubbarama), giaûng ñöôøng Loäc Maãu (Migaramatupasade), cuøng vôùi raát nhieàu Thöôïng toïa coù thôøi danh, coù danh xöng nhö Toân giaû Sariputta (Xaù-lôïi-phaát), Toân giaû Mahamoggallana (Ñaïi Muïc-kieàn-lieân), Toân giaû Mahakaccayana (Ñaïi Ca-chieân-dieân), Toân giaû Mahakotthita (Ñaïi Caâu-hy-la), Toân giaû Mahakappina (Ñaïi Kieáp-taân-na), Toân giaû Mahacunda (Ñaïi Thuaàn-ñaø), Toân giaû Anuruddha (A-na-luaät), Toân giaû Revata (Ly-baø-ña) vaø Toân giaû Ananda (A-nan), cuøng vôùi nhieàu baäc Thöôïng toïa ñeä töû khaùc coù thôøi danh, coù danh xöng.
Luùc baáy giôø, caùc Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy caùc taân Tyû-kheo. Moät soá Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy möôøi taân Tyû-kheo. Moät soá Thöôïng Toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy hai möôi taân Tyû-kheo. Moät soá Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy ba möôi taân Tyû-kheo. Moät soá Thöôïng Toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy boán möôi taân Tyû-kheo. Vaø caùc taân Tyû-kheo ñöôïc caùc Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy yù thöùc roõ raøng nhöõng quaû vò cao dieäu, tieäm thöù, thuø thaéng ñaõ chöùng ñaït.
Luùc baáy giôø Theá Toân, vaøo ngaøy Boá-taùt, ngaøy raèm, vaøo ñeâm traêng troøn sau ngaøy Töï töù, ñang ngoài giöõa trôøi vôùi chuùng Tyû-kheo ñoanh vaây.Theá Toân nhìn quanh chuùng Tyû-kheo ñang yeân laëng, heát söùc yeân laëng, roài baûo caùc Tyû-kheo:
-- Ta ñöôïc thoûa maõn, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, vôùi ñaïo loä naøy. Taâm ta ñöôïc thoûa maõn, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, vôùi ñaïo loä naøy. Do vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, haõy tinh taán hôn nöõa, ñeå chöùng ñaït nhöõng gì chöa chöùng ñaït, ñeå chöùng ñaéc nhöõng gì chöa chöùng ñaéc, ñeå chöùng ngoä nhöõng gì chöa chöùng ngoä. Ta seõ ôû ñaây, taïi Savatthi cho ñeán thaùng tö, leã Komudi.
Nhöõng Tyû-kheo ñòa phöông ñöôïc nghe: "Theá Toân seõ ôû ñaây, taïi Savatthi, cho ñeán thaùng tö, leã Komudi". Caùc Tyû-kheo ñòa phöông tuï hoïp taïi Savatthi ñeå yeát kieán Theá Toân.
Vaø caùc Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo laïi caøng khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy caùc taân Tyû-kheo nhieàu hôn nöõa. Moät soá Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy möôøi taân Tyû-kheo. Moät soá Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy hai möôi taân Tyû-kheo, Moät soá Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy ba möôi taân Tyû-kheo. Moät soá Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy boán möôi taân Tyû-kheo. Vaø nhöõng taân Tyû-kheo ñöôïc caùc Thöôïng toïa Tyû-kheo khuyeán giaùo, giaûng daïy yù thöùc roõ raøng nhöõng quaû vò cao dieäu, tieäm thöù, thuø thaéng ñaõ chöùng ñaït.
Luùc baáy giôø Theá Toân vaøo ngaøy Boá-taùt, ngaøy raèm, vaøo ñeâm traêng troøn, ngaøy leã Komudi vaøo thaùng tö, Theá Toân ñang ngoài ngoaøi trôøi, chung quanh coù chuùng Tyû-kheo ñoanh vaây. Roài Theá Toân sau khi nhìn xung quanh chuùng Tyû-kheo ñang yeân laëng, heát söùc yeân laëng lieàn baûo caùc Tyû-kheo:
-- Hoäi chuùng naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, khoâng coù lôøi thöøa thaûi. Hoäi chuùng naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, khoâng coù lôøi dö thöøa, ñaõ ñöôïc an truù trong loõi caây thanh tònh. Chuùng Tyû-kheo nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, hoäi chuùng nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo laø moät hoäi chuùng ñaùng ñöôïc cung kính, ñaùng ñöôïc toân troïng, ñaùng ñöôïc cuùng döôøng, ñaùng ñöôïc chaáp tay, laø phöôùc ñieàn voâ thöôïng ôû ñôøi. Chuùng Tyû-kheo nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, hoäi chuùng nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, laø moät hoäi chuùng boá thí ít, ñöôïc (phöôùc baùo) nhieàu, boá thí nhieàu, caøng ñöôïc (phöôùc baùo) nhieàu; hôn nöõa. Chuùng Tyû-kheo nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, hoäi chuùng nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, laø moät hoäi chuùng khoù thaáy ôû ñôøi. Chuùng Tyû-kheo nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, hoäi chuùng nhö theá naøy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, laø moät hoäi chuùng xöùng ñaùng ñi nhieàu do tuaàn (yojana) vôùi moät bao löông thöïc treân vai ñeå ñeán yeát kieán. Chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy laø nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo; hoäi chuùng naøy laø nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo laø nhöõng A-la-haùn, caùc laäu hoaëc ñaõ ñoaïn tröø, Phaïm haïnh ñaõ thaønh, caùc vieäc neân laøm ñaõ laøm, gaùnh naëng ñaõ ñaët xuoáng, muïc ñích ñaõ thaønh ñaït, höõu kieát söû ñaõ ñöôïc ñoaïn taän, ñöôïc giaûi thoaùt nhôø chaùnh trí. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù nhöõng baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo ñaõ ñoaïn tröø naêm haï phaàn kieát söû, ñöôïc hoùa sanh, töø ôû ñaáy ñöôïc nhaäp Nieát-baøn, khoâng coøn phaûi trôû laïi ñôøi naøy nöõa. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, naøy coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo ñaõ ñoaïn tröø ba kieát söû, ñaõ laøm cho muoäi löôïc tham, saân, si, laø baäc Nhaát lai, sau khi sanh vaøo ñôøi naøy moät laàn nöõa, seõ ñoaïn taän khoå ñau. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo ñaõ ñoaïn tröø ba kieát söû, laø baäc Döï löu, khoâng coøn ñoïa vaøo aùc ñaïo, chaéc chaén seõ ñöôïc giaùc ngoä. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo laø nhöõng vò soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm, tu taäp boán nieäm xöù. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo laø nhöõng vò soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm, tu taäp boán chaùnh caàn. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong hoäi chuùng naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp boán nhö yù tuùc. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp naêm caên. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp naêm löïc. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp baûy giaùc chi. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp Thaùnh ñaïo taùm ngaønh. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp töø (taâm). Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp bi (taâm). Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp hyû (taâm). Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp xaû (taâm). Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo, soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp baát tònh. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp voâ thöôøng töôûng. Caùc baäc Tyû-kheo nhö vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, coù maët trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong chuùng Tyû-kheo naøy, coù nhöõng Tyû-kheo soáng chuyeân taâm, chuù taâm tu taäp nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm.
(Quaùn nieäm hôi thôû)
Nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, ñöôïc tu taäp, ñöôïc laøm cho sung maõn, ñöa ñeán quaû lôùn, coâng ñöùc lôùn. Nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm, ñöôïc tu taäp, laøm cho sung maõn, khieán cho boán nieäm xöù ñöôïc vieân maõn. Boán nieäm xöù ñöôïc tu taäp, laøm cho sung maõn, khieán cho baûy giaùc chi ñöôïc vieân maõn. Baûy giaùc chi ñöôïc tu taäp, laøm cho sung maõn, khieán cho minh giaûi thoaùt (vijjavimutti) ñöôïc vieân maõn.
Vaø naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, nhö theá tu taäp nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm? Nhö theá naøo laøm cho sung maõn? Nhö theá naøo laø quaû lôùn, coâng ñöùc lôùn?
ÔÛ ñaây, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo ñi ñeán khu röøng, ñi ñeán goác caây, hay ñi ñeán ngoâi nhaø troáng, vaø ngoài kieát-giaø, löng thaúng vaø truù nieäm tröôùc maët. Chaùnh nieäm, vò aáy thôû voâ; chaùnh nieäm, vò aáy thôû ra.
Thôû voâ daøi, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû voâ daøi". Hay thôû ra daøi, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû ra daøi". Hay thôû voâ ngaén, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû voâ ngaén". Hay thôû ra ngaén, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû ra ngaén". "Caûm giaùc caû toaøn thaân, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc caû toaøn thaân, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh thaân haønh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh thaân haønh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp.
"Caûm giaùc hyû thoï, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc hyû thoï, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc laïc thoï, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc laïc thoï, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc taâm haønh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc taâm haønh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh taâm haønh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh taâm haønh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp.
"Caûm giaùc veà taâm, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc veà taâm, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm haân hoan, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm haân hoan, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm ñònh tónh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm ñònh tónh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm giaûi thoaùt, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm giaûi thoaùt, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp.
"Quaùn voâ thöôøng, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn voâ thöôøng, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn ly tham, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp "Quaùn ly tham, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn ñoaïn dieät, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn ñoaïn dieät, toâi seõ thôû ra, vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn töø boû, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn töø boû, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp.
Nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, tu taäp nhö vaäy, laøm cho sung maõn nhö vaäy, ñöôïc quaû lôùn, ñöôïc coâng ñöùc lôùn.
(Laøm vieân maõn boán nieäm xöù)
Vaø nhö theá naøo, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, laø nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm ñöôïc tu taäp? Nhö theá naøo, laøm cho sung maõn, khieán boán nieäm xöù ñöôïc vieân maõn?
Khi naøo, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo thôû voâ daøi, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû voâ daøi". Hay khi thôû ra daøi, vò aáy bieát "Toâi thôû ra daøi". Hay thôû voâ ngaén, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû voâ ngaén". Hay khi thôû ra ngaén, vò aáy bieát: "Toâi thôû ra ngaén". "Caûm giaùc caû toaøn thaân, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc caû toaøn thaân, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh thaân haønh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh thaân haønh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. Trong khi tuøy quaùn thaân treân thaân, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, vò Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, ñoái vôùi caùc thaân, Ta noùi ñaây laø moät, töùc laø thôû voâ thôû ra. Do vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi tuøy quaùn thaân treân thaân, vò Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi.
Khi naøo, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, vò Tyû-kheo nghó: "Caûm giaùc hyû thoï, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc hyû thoï, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc laïc thoï, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc laïc thoï, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc taâm haønh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc taâm haønh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh taâm haønh toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "An tònh taâm haønh toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. Trong khi tuøy quaùn thoï treân caùc thoï, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm, ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, ñoái vôùi caùc caûm thoï, Ta noùi ñaây laø moät, töùc laø thôû voâ thôû ra. Do vaäy naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi tuøy quaùn thoï treân caùc caûm thoï, Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi.
Khi naøo, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo nghó: "Caûm giaùc taâm, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Caûm giaùc taâm, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm haân hoan, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy tu taäp. "Vôùi taâm haân hoan, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm Thieàn ñònh, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm Thieàn ñònh, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm giaûi thoaùt, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Vôùi taâm giaûi thoaùt, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. Trong khi tuøy quaùn taâm treân taâm, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm, ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, söï tu taäp nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm khoâng theå ñeán vôùi keû thaát nieäm, khoâng coù tænh giaùc. Do vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi tuøy quaùn taâm treân taâm, Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi.
Khi naøo naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo nghó: "Quaùn voâ thöôøng, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn voâ thöôøng, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn ly tham.... quaùn ñoaïn dieät... quaùn töø boû, toâi seõ thôû voâ", vò aáy taäp. "Quaùn töø boû, toâi seõ thôû ra", vò aáy taäp. Trong khi tuøy quaùn treân caùc phaùp, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo an truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi. Vò aáy, do ñoaïn tröø tham öu, sau khi thaáy vôùi trí tueä, kheùo nhìn (söï vaät) vôùi nieäm xaû ly. Do vaäy, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi tuøy quaùn phaùp treân caùc phaùp, Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi.
Nhaäp töùc xuaát töùc nieäm, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, ñöôïc tu taäp nhö vaäy ñöôïc laøm cho sung maõn nhö vaäy, khieán cho boán nieäm xöù ñöôïc vieân maõn.
(Laøm vieân maõn baûy giaùc chi)
Vaø boán nieäm xöù, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, tu taäp nhö theá naøo, laøm cho sung maõn nhö theá naøo, khieán cho baûy giaùc chi ñöôïc vieân maõn?
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi tuøy quaùn thaân treân thaân, Tyû-kheo truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm ñeå cheá ngöï tham öu ôû ñôøi, trong khi aáy, nieäm khoâng hoân meâ cuûa vò aáy ñöôïc an truù. Trong khi nieäm khoâng hoân meâ cuûa vi aáy cuõng ñöôïc an truù, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi aáy nieäm giaùc chi ñöôïc baét ñaàu khôûi leân vôùi Tyû-kheo, trong khi aáy, Tyû-kheo tu taäp nieäm giaùc chi. Trong khi aáy nieäm giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp ñi ñeán vieân maõn.
Vò aáy an truù vôùi chaùnh nieäm nhö vaäy, suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy vôùi trí tueä. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi truù vôùi chaùnh nieäm nhö vaäy, Tyû-kheo vôùi trí tueä suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy, trong khi aáy traïch phaùp giaùc chi ñöôïc baét ñaàu khôûi leân, vôùi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy, Tyû-kheo tu taäp traïch phaùp giaùc chi. Trong khi aáy traïch phaùp giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp ñi ñeán vieân maõn.
Trong khi Tyû-kheo vôùi trí tueä suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy, söï tinh taán khoâng thuï ñoäng baét ñaàu khôûi leân vôùi vò Tyû-kheo. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo vôùi trí tueä suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy, trong khi aáy söï tinh taán khoâng thuï ñoäng baét ñaàu khôûi leân vôùi Tyû-kheo aáy. Trong khi aáy tinh taán giaùc chi ñöôïc baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy Tyû-kheo tu taäp tinh taán giaùc chi. Trong khi aáy, tinh taán giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp ñi ñeán vieân maõn.
Hyû khoâng lieân heä ñeán vaät chaát ñöôïc khôûi leân nôi vò tinh taán tinh caàn. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi hyû khoâng lieân heä ñeán vaät chaát khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo tinh taán tinh caàn, trong khi aáy hyû giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy hyû giaùc chi ñöôïc vò Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy hyû giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp ñi ñeán vieân maõn.
Thaân cuûa vò aáy ñöôïc taâm hoan hyû trôû thaønh khinh an, taâm cuõng ñöôïc khinh an. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo vôùi yù hoan hyû ñöôïc thaân khinh an, ñöôïc taâm cuõng khinh an, trong khi aáy, khinh an giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy, khinh an giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy, khinh an giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn.
Moät vò coù thaân khinh an, an laïc, taâm vò aáy ñöôïc ñònh tónh. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo coù thaân khinh an, an laïc, taâm vò aáy ñöôïc ñònh tónh, trong khi aáy ñònh giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy ñònh giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy ñònh giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn.
Vò aáy vôùi taâm ñònh tónh nhö vaäy, kheùo nhìn (söï vaät) vôùi yù nieäm xaû ly. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo vôùi taâm ñònh tónh nhö vaäy, kheùo nhìn (söï vaät) vôùi yù nieäm xaû ly, trong khi aáy xaû giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo . Trong khi aáy xaû giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy xaû giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñeán sung maõn.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi quaùn thoï treân caùc caûm thoï...
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi quaùn taâm treân taâm...
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi quaùn phaùp treân caùc phaùp, Tyû-kheo an truù, nhieät taâm, tænh giaùc, chaùnh nieäm vôùi muïc ñích ñieàu phuïc tham öu ôû ñôøi, trong khi aáy nieäm cuûa vò aáy ñöôïc an truù, khoâng coù hoân meâ. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi nieäm cuûa Tyû-kheo ñöôïc an truù, khoâng coù hoân meâ, nieäm giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñöôïc baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Nieäm giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Nieäm giaùc chi trong khi aáy, ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn. Vò aáy an truù vôùi chaùnh nieäm nhö vaäy, suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy vôùi trí tueä. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi an truù vôùi chaùnh nieäm nhö vaäy, vò aáy suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy vôùi trí tueä. Traïch phaùp giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñöôïc baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Traïch phaùp giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Traïch phaùp giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñi ñeán sung maõn, tinh taán khoâng thuï ñoäng baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi vò aáy. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo suy tö, tö duy, thaåm saùt phaùp aáy vôùi trí tueä, vaø tinh taán khoâng thuï ñoäng baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi vò aáy, tinh taán giaùc chi trong khi aáy baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi vò Tyû-kheo. Tinh taán giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Tinh taán giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn. Ñoái vôùi vò aáy tinh caàn tinh taán, hyû khoâng lieân heä ñeán vaät chaát khôûi leân. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo tinh caàn tinh taán vaø hyû khoâng lieân heä ñeán vaät chaát khôûi leân, hyû giaùc chi trong khi aáy baét ñaàu ñöôïc khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Hyû giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Hyû giaùc chi trong khi aáy ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn. Thaân cuûa vò aáy ñöôïc taâm hoan hyû trôû thaønh khinh an, taâm cuõng ñöôïc khinh an. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo vôùi yù hoan hyû ñöôïc thaân khinh an, ñöôïc taâm cuõng khinh an, trong khi aáy khinh an giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy khinh an giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy khinh an giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn. Moät vò coù taâm khinh an, an laïc, taâm vò aáy ñöôïc ñònh tónh. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi vò aáy coù thaân khinh an, an laïc, taâm vò aáy ñöôïc ñònh tónh, trong khi aáy ñònh giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy ñònh giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy ñònh giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn. Vò aáy vôùi taâm ñònh tónh nhö vaäy kheùo nhìn (söï vaät) vôùi yù nieäm xaû ly. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, trong khi Tyû-kheo vôùi taâm ñònh tónh nhö vaäy, kheùo nhìn (söï vaät) vôùi yù nieäm xaû ly, trong khi aáy xaû giaùc chi baét ñaàu khôûi leân nôi Tyû-kheo. Trong khi aáy xaû giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo tu taäp. Trong khi aáy xaû giaùc chi ñöôïc Tyû-kheo laøm cho ñi ñeán sung maõn.
Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, boán nieäm xöù ñöôïc tu taäp nhö vaäy, ñöôïc laøm cho sung maõn nhö vaäy khieán cho baûy giaùc chi ñöôïc sung maõn.
(Minh giaûi thoaùt ñöôïc vieân maõn)
Vaø naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, baûy giaùc chi tu taäp nhö theá naøo, laøm cho sung maõn nhö theá naøo, khieán cho minh giaûi thoaùt ñöôïc vieân maõn?
ÔÛ ñaây, naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, Tyû-kheo tu taäp nieäm giaùc chi, lieân heä ñeán vieãn ly, lieân heä ñeán ly tham, lieân heä ñeán dieät, höôùng ñeán xaû ly; tu taäp traïch phaùp giaùc chi... tu taäp tinh taán giaùc chi... tu taäp hyû giaùc chi... tu taäp khinh an giaùc chi... tu taäp ñònh giaùc chi... tu taäp xaû giaùc chi, lieân heä ñeán vieãn ly, lieân heä ñeán ly tham, lieân heä ñeán dieät, höôùng ñeán xaû ly. Naøy caùc Tyû-kheo, baûy giaùc chi ñöôïc tu taäp nhö vaäy, ñöôïc laøm cho sung maõn nhö vaäy, khieán cho minh giaûi thoaùt ñöôïc vieân maõn.
Theá Toân thuyeát giaûng nhö vaäy. Caùc Tyû-kheo aáy hoan hyû tín thoï lôøi Theá Toân daïy.
Hoøa thöôïng Thích Minh Chaâu dòch Vieät
Chaân thaønh caùm ôn anh HDC vaø nhoùm Phaät töû VH ñaõ coù thieän taâm göûi taëng aán baûn ñieän töû.
(Bình Anson hieäu ñính, döïa theo baûn Anh ngöõ "The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha", Tyø kheo Nanamoli vaø Tyø kheo Bodhi dòch, 1995).
11/99
Majjhima Nikaya 118
Anapanasati Sutta
Mindfulness of Breathingtranslated by Bikkhu Thanissaro
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying at Savatthi in the Eastern Monastery, the palace of Migara's mother, together with many well-known elder disciples -- with Ven. Sariputta, Ven. Maha Moggallana, Ven. Maha Kassapa, Ven. Maha Kaccayana, Ven. Maha Kotthita, Ven. Maha Kappina, Ven. Maha Cunda, Ven. Revata, Ven. Ananda, and other well-known elder disciples. On that occasion the elder monks were teaching and instructing. Some elder monks were teaching and instructing ten monks, some were teaching and instructing twenty monks, some were teaching and instructing thirty monks, some were teaching and instructing forty monks. The new monks, being taught and instructed by the elder monks, were discerning grand, successive distinctions.
Now on that occasion -- the Uposatha day of the fifteenth, the full-moon night of the Pavarana ceremony -- the Blessed One was seated in the open air surrounded by the community of monks. Surveying the silent community of monks, he addressed them:
"Monks, I am content with this practice. I am content at heart with this practice. So arouse even more intense persistence for the attaining of the as-yet-unattained, the reaching of the as-yet-unreached, the realization of the as-yet-unrealized. I will remain right here at Savatthi [for another month] through the 'White water-lily' month, the fourth month of the rains."
The monks in the countryside heard, "The Blessed One, they say, will remain right there at Savatthi through the White water-lily month, the fourth month of the rains." So they left for Savatthi to see the Blessed One.
Then the elder monks taught and instructed even more intensely. Some elder monks were teaching and instructing ten monks, some were teaching and instructing twenty monks, some were teaching and instructing thirty monks, some were teaching and instructing forty monks. The new monks, being taught and instructed by the elder monks, were discerning grand, successive distinctions.
Now on that occasion -- the Uposatha day of the fifteenth, the full-moon night of the White water-lily month, the fourth month of the rains -- the Blessed One was seated in the open air surrounded by the community of monks. Surveying the silent community of monks, he addressed them:
"Monks, this assembly is free from idle chatter, devoid of idle chatter, and is established on pure heartwood: such is this community of monks, such is this assembly. The sort of assembly that is worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of respect, an incomparable field of merit for the world: such is this community of monks, such is this assembly. The sort of assembly to which a small gift, when given, becomes great, and a great gift greater: such is this community of monks, such is this assembly. The sort of assembly that it is rare to see in the world: such is this community of monks, such is this assembly -- the sort of assembly that it would be worth traveling for leagues, taking along provisions, in order to see.
"In this community of monks there are monks who are Arahants, whose mental effluents are ended, who have reached fulfillment, done the task, laid down the burden, attained the true goal, totally destroyed the fetter of becoming, and who are released through right gnosis: such are the monks in this community of monks.
"In this community of monks there are monks who, with the total ending of the first set of five fetters, are due to be reborn [in the Pure Abodes], there to be totally unbound, never again to return from that world: such are the monks in this community of monks.
"In this community of monks there are monks who, with the total ending of [the first] three fetters, and with the attenuation of passion, aversion, and delusion, are once-returners, who -- on returning only one more time to this world -- will make an ending to stress: such are the monks in this community of monks.
"In this community of monks there are monks who, with the total ending of [the first] three fetters, are stream-winners, steadfast, never again destined for states of woe, headed for self-awakening: such are the monks in this community of monks.
"In this community of monks there are monks who remain devoted to the development of the four frames of reference...the four right exertions...the four bases of power...the five faculties...the five strengths...the seven factors of awakening...the noble eightfold path: such are the monks in this community of monks.
"In this community of monks there are monks who remain devoted to the development of good will...compassion...appreciation...equanimity...[the perception of the] foulness [of the body]...the perception of inconstancy: such are the monks in this community of monks.
"In this community of monks there are monks who remain devoted to mindfulness of in-and-out breathing.
"Mindfulness of in-and-out breathing, when developed and pursued, is of great fruit, of great benefit. Mindfulness of in-and-out breathing, when developed and pursued, brings the four frames of reference to their culmination. The four frames of reference, when developed and pursued, bring the seven factors of awakening to their culmination. The seven factors of awakening, when developed and pursued, bring clear knowing and release to their culmination.
(Mindfulness of In-and-Out Breathing)
"Now how is mindfulness of in-and-out breathing developed and pursued so as to bring the four frames of reference to their culmination?"There is the case where a monk, having gone to the wilderness, to the shade of a tree, or to an empty building, sits down folding his legs crosswise, holding his body erect, and setting mindfulness to the fore. Always mindful, he breathes in; mindful he breathes out.
"[1] Breathing in long, he discerns that he is breathing in long; or breathing out long, he discerns that he is breathing out long. [2] Or breathing in short, he discerns that he is breathing in short; or breathing out short, he discerns that he is breathing out short. [3] He trains himself to breathe in sensitive to the entire body, and to breathe out sensitive to the entire body. [4] He trains himself to breathe in calming the bodily processes, and to breathe out calming the bodily processes.
"[5] He trains himself to breathe in sensitive to rapture, and to breathe out sensitive to rapture. [6] He trains himself to breathe in sensitive to pleasure, and to breathe out sensitive to pleasure. [7] He trains himself to breathe in sensitive to mental processes, and to breathe out sensitive to mental processes. [8] He trains himself to breathe in calming mental processes, and to breathe out calming mental processes.
"[9] He trains himself to breathe in sensitive to the mind, and to breathe out sensitive to the mind. [10] He trains himself to breathe in satisfying the mind, and to breathe out satisfying the mind. [11] He trains himself to breathe in steadying the mind, and to breathe out steadying the mind. [12] He trains himself to breathe in releasing the mind, and to breathe out releasing the mind.
"[13] He trains himself to breathe in focusing on inconstancy, and to breathe out focusing on inconstancy. [14] He trains himself to breathe in focusing on dispassion [literally, fading], and to breathe out focusing on dispassion. [15] He trains himself to breathe in focusing on cessation, and to breathe out focusing on cessation. [16] He trains himself to breathe in focusing on relinquishment, and to breathe out focusing on relinquishment.
(The Four Frames of Reference)
"[1] Now, on whatever occasion a monk breathing in long discerns that he is breathing in long; or breathing out long, discerns that he is breathing out long; or breathing in short, discerns that he is breathing in short; or breathing out short, discerns that he is breathing out short; trains himself to breathe in...and...out sensitive to the entire body; trains himself to breathe in...and...out calming the bodily processes: On that occasion the monk remains focused on the body in and of itself -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- subduing greed and distress with reference to the world. I tell you, monks, that this -- the in-and-out breath -- is classed as a body among bodies, which is why the monk on that occasion remains focused on the body in and of itself -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- putting aside greed and distress with reference to the world.
"[2] On whatever occasion a monk trains himself to breathe in...and...out sensitive to rapture; trains himself to breathe in...and...out sensitive to pleasure; trains himself to breathe in...and...out sensitive to mental processes; trains himself to breathe in...and...out calming mental processes: On that occasion the monk remains focused on feelings in and of themselves -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- subduing greed and distress with reference to the world. I tell you, monks, that this -- close attention to in-and-out breaths -- is classed as a feeling among feelings, which is why the monk on that occasion remains focused on feelings in and of themselves -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- putting aside greed and distress with reference to the world.
"[3] On whatever occasion a monk trains himself to breathe in...and...out sensitive to the mind; trains himself to breathe in...and...out satisfying the mind; trains himself to breathe in...and...out steadying the mind; trains himself to breathe in...and...out releasing the mind: On that occasion the monk remains focused on the mind in and of itself -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- subduing greed and distress with reference to the world. I don't say that there is mindfulness of in-and-out breathing in one of confused mindfulness and no alertness, which is why the monk on that occasion remains focused on the mind in and of itself -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- putting aside greed and distress with reference to the world.
"[4] On whatever occasion a monk trains himself to breathe in...and...out focusing on inconstancy; trains himself to breathe in...and...out focusing on dispassion; trains himself to breathe in...and...out focusing on cessation; trains himself to breathe in...and...out focusing on relinquishment: On that occasion the monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of themselves -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- subduing greed and distress with reference to the world. He who sees clearly with discernment the abandoning of greed and distress is one who oversees with equanimity, which is why the monk on that occasion remains focused on mental qualities in and of themselves -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- putting aside greed and distress with reference to the world.
"This is how mindfulness of in-and-out breathing is developed and pursued so as to bring the four frames of reference to their culmination.
(The Seven Factors Of Awakening)
"And how are the four frames of reference developed and pursued so as to bring the seven factors of awakening to their culmination?"[1] On whatever occasion the monk remains focused on the body in and of itself -- ardent, alert, and mindful -- putting aside greed and distress with reference to the world, on that occasion his mindfulness is steady and without lapse. When his mindfulness is steady and without lapse, then mindfulness as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
"[2] Remaining mindful in this way, he examines, analyzes, and comes to a comprehension of that quality with discernment. When he remains mindful in this way, examining, analyzing, and coming to a comprehension of that quality with discernment, then analysis of qualities as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
"[3] In one who examines, analyzes, and comes to a comprehension of that quality with discernment, unflagging persistence is aroused. When unflagging persistence is aroused in one who examines, analyzes, and comes to a comprehension of that quality with discernment, then persistence as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
"[4] In one whose persistence is aroused, a rapture not-of-the-flesh arises. When a rapture not-of-the-flesh arises in one whose persistence is aroused, then rapture as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
"[5] For one who is enraptured, the body grows calm and the mind grows calm. When the body and mind of an enraptured monk grow calm, then serenity as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
"[6] For one who is at ease -- his body calmed -- the mind becomes concentrated. When the mind of one who is at ease -- his body calmed -- becomes concentrated, then concentration as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
"[7] He oversees the mind thus concentrated with equanimity. When he oversees the mind thus concentrated with equanimity, equanimity as a factor of awakening becomes aroused. He develops it, and for him it goes to the culmination of its development.
[Similarly with the other three frames of reference: feelings, mind, and mental qualities.]
"This is how the four frames of reference are developed and pursued so as to bring the seven factors of awakening to their culmination.
(Clear Knowing and Release)
"And how are the seven factors of awakening developed and pursued so as to bring clear knowing and release to their culmination? There is the case where a monk develops mindfulness as a factor of awakening dependent on seclusion...dispassion...cessation, resulting in relinquishment. He develops analysis of qualities as a factor of awakening...persistence as a factor of awakening...rapture as a factor of awakening...serenity as a factor of awakening...concentration as a factor of awakening...equanimity as a factor of awakening dependent on seclusion...dispassion...cessation, resulting in relinquishment."This is how the seven factors of awakening, when developed and pursued, bring clear knowing and release to their culmination."
That is what the Blessed One said. Gratified, the monks delighted in the Blessed One's words.
Source: http://world.std.com/~metta/canon/majjhima/mn118.html
(Revised: 9 November 1998 )
Source = BuddhaSasana
[Muïc luïc kinh Trung Boä]